一、系統(tǒng)約定
軟件源代碼包存放位置:/usr/local/src
源碼包編譯安裝位置(prefix):/usr/local/software_name
腳本以及維護程序存放位置:/usr/local/sbin
MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫位置:/var/lib/mysql(可按情況設置)
Apache 網(wǎng)站根目錄:/home/www/wwwroot(可按情況設置)
Apache 虛擬主機日志根目錄:/home/www/logs(可按情況設置)
Apache 運行賬戶:www:www
二、系統(tǒng)環(huán)境部署及調(diào)整
1. 檢查系統(tǒng)是否正常
# more /var/log/messages(檢查有無系統(tǒng)級錯誤信息)
# dmesg(檢查硬件設備是否有錯誤信息)
# ifconfig(檢查網(wǎng)卡設置是否正確)
# ping www.163.com(檢查網(wǎng)絡是否正常)
2. 關閉不需要的服務
# ntsysv
以下僅列出需要啟動的服務,未列出的服務一律推薦關閉:
atd
crond
irqbalance
microcode_ctl
network
sendmail
sshd
syslog
3. 重新啟動系統(tǒng)
# init 6
4. 配置 vim
# vi /root/.bashrc
在 alias mv='mv -i' 下面添加一行:alias vi='vim' 保存退出。
# echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc
5. 使用 yum 程序安裝所需開發(fā)包(以下為標準的 RPM 包名稱)
# yum install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel kernel
6. 定時校正服務器時鐘,定時與中國國家授時中心授時服務器同步
# crontab -e 加入一行: */30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44
7. 源碼編譯安裝所需包 (Source)
(1) GD2
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
# cd gd-2.0.34
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2
# make
# make install
(2) LibXML2
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf libxml2-2.6.30.tar.bz2
# cd libxml2-2.6.30
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
# make install
(3) LibMcrypt
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
# make
# make install
(4) Apache日志截斷程序
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf cronolog-1.7.0-beta.tar.gz
# cd cronolog-1.7.0-beta
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
# make
# make install
8. 升級OpenSSL和OpenSSH
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
# cd openssl-0.9.8e
# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
# make
# make test
# make install
# cd ..
# tar xzvf openssh-4.7p1.tar.gz
# cd openssh-4.7p1
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr" \
"--with-pam" \
"--with-zlib" \
"--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh" \
"--with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl" \
"--with-md5-passwords"
# make
# make install
(1)禁用 SSH V1 協(xié)議
找到:
#Protocol 2,1
改為:
Protocol 2
(2)禁止root直接登錄
此處先建立一個普通系統(tǒng)用戶:
# useradd username
# passwd username
找到:
#PermitRootLogin yes
改為:
PermitRootLogin no
(3)禁用服務器端GSSAPI
找到以下兩行,并將它們注釋:
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
(4)禁用 DNS 名稱解析
找到:
#UseDNS yes
改為:
UseDNS no
(5)禁用客戶端 GSSAPI
# vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config
找到:
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
將這行注釋掉。
后,確認修改正確后重新啟動 SSH 服務
# service sshd restart
# ssh -v
確認 OpenSSH 以及 OpenSSL 版本正確。
三、編譯安裝L.A.M.P環(huán)境
1. 下載軟件
# cd /usr/local/src
httpd-2.2.6.tar.bz2
mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
php-5.2.4.tar.bz2
ZendOptimizer-3.3.0-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
2. 安裝MySQL
# tar xzvf mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
# mv mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/
# ln -s /usr/local/ mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/mysql
# useradd mysql
# chown -R mysql:root /usr/local/mysql/
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chown root:root /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig --level 3 5 mysqld on
# cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# mv /usr/local/mysql/data /var/lib/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/
# vi /etc/my.cnf
修改以下內(nèi)容:
(1) 在 [mysql] 段增加一行:
default-character-set = gbk | latin1 | utf8 | big5
(2) 在 [mysqld] 段增加或修改:
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
--skip-innodb
default-character-set = gbk | latin1 | utf8 | big5
--wait-timeout = 3 | 5 | 10
max_connections = 256 | 384 | 512
max_connect_errors = 10000000
thread_concurrency = CPU個數(shù)×2
將 log-bin 注釋
# bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'password_for_root'
3. 編譯安裝Apache
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf httpd-2.2.6.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.2.6
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/apache2" \
"--with-included-apr" \
"--enable-so" \
"--enable-deflate=shared" \
"--enable-expires=shared" \
"--enable-rewrite=shared" \
"--enable-static-support" \
"--disable-userdir"
# make
# make install
# echo '/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ' >> /etc/rc.local
4. 編譯安裝PHP
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf php-5.2.4.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.2.4
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/php" \
"--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" \
"--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc" \
"--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" \
"--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" \
"--with-jpeg-dir" \
"--with-png-dir" \
"--with-bz2" \
"--with-freetype-dir" \
"--with-iconv-dir" \
"--with-zlib-dir " \
"--with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl" \
"--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt" \
"--enable-soap" \
"--enable-gd-native-ttf" \
"--enable-ftp" \
"--enable-mbstring" \
"--enable-exif" \
"--disable-ipv6" \
"--disable-cgi" \
"--disable-cli"
# make
# make install
# mkdir /usr/local/php/etc
# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
5. 整合Apache與PHP
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到:
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
在該行下面添加
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
找到:
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
將該行改為
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
</IfModule>
找到:
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
去掉前面的“#”號,取消注釋。
注意:以上 4 個擴展配置文件中的設置請按照相關原則進行合理配置! 修改完成后保存退出。
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
6. 查看確認L.A.M.P環(huán)境信息、提升 PHP 安全性
在網(wǎng)站根目錄放置 phpinfo.php 腳本,檢查phpinfo中的各項信息是否正確。
確認 PHP 能夠正常工作后,在 php.ini 中進行設置提升 PHP 安全性。
# vi /etc/php.ini
找到:
disable_functions =
設置為:
phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,
proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,
readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
四、服務器安全性設置
1. 設置系統(tǒng)防火墻
# vi /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
將以下腳本命令粘貼到 fw.sh 文件中。
#!/bin/bash
# Stop iptables service first
service iptables stop
# Load FTP Kernel modules
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp
# Inital chains default policy
/sbin/iptables -F -t filter
/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP
/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# Enable Native Network Transfer
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
# Accept Established Connections
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
# ICMP Control
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT
# WWW Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
# FTP Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
# SSH Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
# echo '/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh' >> /etc/rc.local
# /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh